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Saturday, February 28, 2009

How To Write A Dissertation Proposal?

Dissertation proposal is provided by students, before the submission of their dissertation. The dissertation proposal assists student focus on their research objectives, clarify its significance and the need, describe the methods, predict problems and results, and decide alternatives and interventions. Writing a dissertation proposal is not difficult if the following Dissertation proposal writing format is followed:



Dissertation proposal is a document presenting a general outline of the work. Dissertation proposals are generally written as a report form and presented to the supervisor. The supervisor is to analyze your dissertation proposal and to give its impersonal and objective judgment and analysis.
Writing dissertation proposals has its own importance. Research proposal dissertation clarifies the paper’s objective, defines its perspectives, explains the methods to be used, predicts problems and ways of solving them, foresee outcomes.
While considering how to write a dissertation proposal, one should consider the following structure:
• abstract – the abstract of dissertation proposal consists of several paragraphs which present a winning resume of the proposal;
• introduction – it sets the framework for your proposed projects;
• literature review – a brief but exact explanation of the sources for your research, outlining their importance for the work;
• key questions – while writing a dissertation proposal, consider the key questions of your thesis with answers that are not obvious;
• methodology – a sufficient explanation of the methods you are going to use in the paper with the objective of answering the key questions;
• conclusions and implications of research – describe the results expected, your work’s achievements’ contribution to the field, the methods you have decided to use in order to ensure the validity and accuracy of the outcome;
For students ease, there are various example of dissertation research proposal online. Dissertation online proposal are easily accessible through various websites. No matter what size student pocket has, they can contact different websites for a dissertation proposal example. The various proposals available for the ease are Dissertation proposal business, or Computing dissertation proposal.

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Friday, February 27, 2009

Dissertation Methodology Chapter!

The Dissertation Methodology chapter is used to justify the choice of methods employed during the research project. It refers to the choice and use of particular strategies and tools for data gathering and analysis and giving you an answer of how to write a dissertation methodology. A section on methodology is a key element in a dissertation project. You need to demonstrate that you understand that there are various options for conducting research. For this reason you will need to refer back to the notes you took in any research methods classes that you have attended, as well as text books and/or articles on research methods for masters dissertation.

Methodology refers to the choice and use of particular strategies and tools for data gathering and analysis. Some methodologies embrace both data gathering and analysis, such as content analysis, ethnography and semiotic analysis. Others apply either to gathering or analyzing data (though the distinction is often not clear-cut):



  • data-gathering methodologies include interviews, questionnaires and observation;

  • data analysis methodologies include content analysis, discourse analysis, semiotic analysis and statistical analysis.

There are many varieties of each methodology and the specific methodological tools you are adopting must be made open in your master dissertation help. Interviews, for instance, are often categorized as 'structured', 'semi-structured' or 'open-ended'. You should mention which other related studies cited in your literature review have employed the same methodology.

The section on methodology should include a justification for the choice of methodology for data gathering and for data analysis for your master dissertation. In the justification you should consider what alternative methodological tools might have been employed (particularly those which related studies have employed), together with their advantages and limitations for the present purpose. For instance;… Why did you choose to undertake interviews? Why open-ended interviews? Why did you opt for audio-recording (for instance)? Refer to a relevant study which approached interviews in a similar way. Cite a reputable study which selected participants on a similar basis. On what basis did you choose your participants (that they were friends of yours with time on their hands is not an adequate justification!). If there are any obvious segments of the population which are not represented within your sample why is this? Where class, age, gender and/or ethnicity is likely to be involved in the phenomenon you are studying then make sure that your sample is demographically appropriate. What limitations of your sample should your readers be alerted to?

Your choice of methodologies should be related to the theoretical framework outlined earlier.

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Wednesday, February 25, 2009

Six Reasons You Need A Plan For Your Dissertation

Firstly, it is important to recognise that your dissertation is a very important part of your degree and it is vital that you try your best when you are writing this project. Simple mistakes can cost you marks and without a plan, your paper will not be the best you can do.

First, making a plan helps you put a timeline on how long it will take you to complete your dissertation. This will allow you to plan your daily routine, and get a balance between writing your essay, sleeping, and having a social life. When do you want to have the introduction written? When do you want to start analysing research? What date would you like to be finished by, and when will you proofread and edit?


Secondly, you need to check that the topic you have chosen can be written about. Making a plan is a good way to indicate whether you will be able to solve your problem and shows if you know enough about your chosen topic. Starting early will mean you can consult your advisor with a better idea of what you want to do, and they can offer you more appropriate help. It also gives them longer to think of advice for you and to consult people who may have helpful information for you.

Thirdly, you need to start your research. If you plan on using a big research group, it is often advisable to send out questionnaires before you start to write the paper, as they can take a while to be returned. If you don't plan your essay first, you won't be able to produce a quality essay to send out and may not get as many responses to analyse as you need. You may also need financial support to carry out your research, which needs to be applied for in advance.

Your plan is also a good way to set goals, such as when you want each part completed by, or what extra research you want to do. By doing this, you will achieve a sense of achievement when you complete each goal, and will become more motivated to complete the dissertation to a high quality.

It also allows you to plan each section individually and make sure you aren't repeating yourself. Most dissertations should contain an abstract, an introduction, a contents page, a literature review, a methodology, data analysis, a discussion, a conclusion, bibliography and appendices. Planning each section will make writing them much easier and keep repetitions to a minimum. It will also help you make sure that you have covered everything in your work, and that each section is completed correctly.

Lastly, making a plan before you start allows you to keep your eyes open for relevant material; take proper, in-depth notes to save you time later, and become generally more prepared to start your dissertation. If you didn't have a plan, it would take a lot longer to write the essay and the end result wouldn't be as good.

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Tuesday, February 24, 2009

How To Do Dissertation Proposal Writing!

Writing a dissertation proposal is possibly the hardest part of the dissertation writing process. In creating a dissertation proposal you are crafting something out of nothing. Developing an understanding of an issue, identifying, reading and summarizing the relevant literature, and developing your own take on the problem are time consuming and no doubt is a frustrating process. In many ways the dissertation methodology is the easiest part to develop. Once you have a clear idea of the first pieces, the methods should follow easily. Which helps you to answer the question,how to write a dissertation proposal.

For dissertation proposal you need introductory work sufficient to introduce your external readers to the material. This also helps convince your committee that you know enough about the field that you should be allowed to move on to your thesis. You have to write about related work and perform a literature search that proves that your ideas are new, and that you can talk reasonably well about the previous work in this area.


Basically you need to introduce your work. As a rule of thumb, your thesis should cover enough ground to be worthy of three conference papers. Organizing your thesis around three conference submissions may help you progress toward your thesis (it gives you hard deadlines). Your list of contributions is the most important part of your dissertation research proposal. This is where you succinctly outline why your work is different than other work on the subject, and why it is worthy of a Ph.D. thesis. This is traditionally in a bulleted list, and should probably be less than a page. It's worth really working on these contributions, because people will inevitably ask what your thesis is about, both in the lab and at conferences. You should be able to give an answer in few seconds, and that answer should come from your contributions page.

You should remember that you are proposing something new. Sure It doesn't have to be complete but It's probably somewhat better if it isn't complete, because it shows that you can talk intelligently about what work you plan to do before you do it. Here is a standard dissertation outline

1. Introduction a. Summary of the larger puzzles and issues b. Locating your work in a larger issue c. Main research question

2. Problem Statement a. What is the issue? b. What are the specific questions? c. What is the context and background? d. Why does this matter?

3. Conceptual Framework a. How do you look at this puzzle? b. What is the theoretical framework (what is this a case of?)? c. What are the key constructs? d. What are specific terms you are using and how do you define them? e. Model of what you think is going on

4. Methods a. What do you plan to do and why b. How do they link to the questions and the CF?

5. Bibliography

6. Appendices a. Survey drafts b. Pilot data c. Timeline

Therefore a properly written proposal must demonstrate that you:

1. Able to explain the importance of the problem issue to a person no familiar with it;
2. Have managed to define and delimit and interesting and fascinating research question;
3. Able to formulate testable hypotheses;
4. Have worked out a detailed plan that will test your hypothesis.

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Sunday, February 22, 2009

Best help you can get in presenting your dissertation proposal is from a dissertation consultant.

Many doctoral programs require that students successfully present and defend their dissertation proposal within six months of passing other doctoral exams. For individual attention on your specific dissertation proposal, contact a dissertation consultant. These dissertation proposal questions may be useful, but the best help you can get in presenting your dissertation proposal is from a dissertation consultant. Before your can begin your dissertation research or dissertation writing you will need to conceptualize and present your dissertation proposal to your dissertation committee. A dissertation consultant will teach you several ways to answer the questions that may be raised by your dissertation committee when you are presenting your dissertation proposal. What to expect in the Dissertation Defense and How to go about Preparing for the Dissertation Defense Knowing what to include in your dissertation proposal and how to go about presenting your dissertation proposal is not expected. At the minimum, to ensure that your dissertation proposal is approved, you should be ready to answer these questions. The best advice is to practice presenting your dissertation proposal, then practice presenting your dissertation proposal some more! The dissertation proposal should include the method you will use to investigate your dissertation topic. What theory is underlying your dissertation proposal? Ask a fellow student to help you prepare for presenting your dissertation proposal by asking you these questions. Presenting your dissertation proposal can be enhanced with help from a dissertation consultant. The defense of your dissertation proposal is like a performance. Get help from a dissertation consultant. Dissertation help presenting your Dissertation Proposal: What to Include in the Dissertation Proposal This section gives you a brief overview of what to include in your dissertation proposal and how to go about presenting your dissertation proposal. Here are some sample dissertation proposal questions that may or may not be applicable to your dissertation proposal. A dissertation consultant will rehearse the presentation of your dissertation proposal with you until your presenting your dissertation proposal is like second nature to you.


However, this doctoral dissertation proposal requirement may vary. A dissertation consultant will help you practice and provide guidance related to presenting your dissertation proposal. Sample Questions to help you when presenting your Dissertation Proposal What is your dissertation about? He or she will provide you with specific tips on presenting your dissertation proposal to your dissertation committee. The dissertation proposal should also include where you will collect your dissertation data from, and a time frame for completing the dissertation. As a requirement for the doctoral degree, you will need to complete a dissertation. What hypotheses will your dissertation test and what are your dissertation research questions? What related research has been completed on your dissertation topic? How will you operationally the variables in your dissertation? In your dissertation proposal, discuss the relevance of your dissertation topic. After the oral presentation of your dissertation proposal students will be excused and your dissertation committee will ask your questions about your dissertation proposal. A dissertation consultant will know what to do to prepare you for the dissertation defense. Like teaching, lecturing or similar performances, dissertation proposal defense performance is enhanced through practicing. Your dissertation proposal defense will be conducted by some or all of your dissertation committee. The dissertation proposal should include the following: The dissertation proposal should state the purpose of your dissertation research. If you feel unsure about presenting your dissertation proposal in the dissertation proposal defense, get help from a dissertation consultant. The dissertation proposal should also include a brief literature review on your dissertation topic. Given the importance of the dissertation, it’s crucial that you spend time preparing for presenting your dissertation proposal. In preparing for your presenting your dissertation proposal, you must treat it as such.

See More :- http://www.academic-writing.net/index.htm

Saturday, February 21, 2009

Fight Dissertation Writing Anxieties

If a student has successfully worked on an undergraduate thesis, chances are that student might also successfully work on the dissertation after college. However, even the thought of writing a thesis makes students worry much. When were writing and researching effortless?

A student can change the attitude towards writing by considering these facts:

Dissertation writing could take years to finish. So even at the beginning of the school year, a student must already do some preparations: choosing prospect topics, possible respondents or experimentation, and the volume of available references. These preparations might not directly contribute to the success of the future coursework, but they could eliminate or lessen the anxieties of a student.



Also, regarding professors as resources also eradicates fear. A student is never alone in the process of dissertation writing since professors are always available to aid them. Moreover the feeling of having an authority makes a student feel secured.

Gathering possible references such as books, magazines, periodicals and even newspapers also help. Periodicals and newspapers are very timely so it is important for a researcher/student to collect them even prior to the actual writing process. Acquiring references are among the most cumbersome parts in the writing process; hence obtaining some could lessen difficulty.

The most important way to eliminate writing anxieties is having knowledge about dissertation-related matters. A researcher/student should know what to do, when to do, where to do, how to do and who to deal with during the process. Having a wide grasp of the previous lessons develops confidence and in some cases excitement.

Students need not fear dissertation writing. Fear is detrimental and destructive in a way that once students develop it, it could hinder them from finishing and even working on any assigned task. Emotions have no room for writing. Students should always be constructive, rational and objective. In the academe, there is a struggle for survival, which is tantamount to graduation.


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Thursday, February 19, 2009

Its All About Dissertation Introduction

Possibly the most significant part of your paper, a dissertation introduction informs about the topic of your writing and provides a background to your research.

Dissertation introduction is a part of your dissertation project that contains the major purposes of your investigation and the ways you want to achieve them. What you need to do in dissertation introduction, however, is demonstrate your competence and research skills. You also have to stress your professional domain and the ability to present findings. Try to get your hands on some previous dissertation help samples.

A dissertation introduction starts with the presentation of your main problem. It should give details the importance of the investigation of the topic you have chosen. You simply state what you want to discover and what methods you intend to use in order to achieve your purposes. Someone might think that writing a dissertation introduction is rather a tedious task. You may agree, but do not think it is easy as it does not have to be creative. By looking some past dissertation sample you can have a better idea regarding this. You have to describe your intentions, and the measures you are going to apply in order to satisfy your intentions.


The first portion must introduce the topic and the background of the various envelopments the topic brings with. The direct nature for exposure of the entire length must be done so that one is able to stand for the various sub sections the topic can be broken into..

The second section deals with the first sub-section of the thesis and the various categories into which the sections must comprise. It deals with the chapter one of the paper and the very illustration of what the section contemplates and focuses.

The next sections would make sure that all the further chapters are described and the objectives are to be harbored for the purpose of getting the job done. The various aims of the section must be explicitly taken care so that enough illustration is carried for the paper and the genuine interest for the successful making of the arguments is catered to its very best.

The concluding section takes variety of options and aligns the very topics conclusion and the passion to make a difference. It takes into account the various sections that are discussed so that one is able to take control of the moments of the master’s paper and the various precise behavior of the paper on the whole.

Every dissertation introduction should present the purposes of your investigation. The main purpose of your investigation is to prove this or that point of view. Your dissertation introduction should also present the subjects and objects of your investigation. The introduction subject is what your investigation is directed to. The objects are the means of achieving your purposes. Your dissertation template introduction should also present the methods you are going to use during your investigation: whether you apply an interview, or a questionnaire, or perhaps you are to use the observations only (depends on your topic). Every point of your dissertation introduction should be marked out either by italics, or by bold type. Your dissertation introductions should be 1 or 2 pages long. But the main thing about the dissertation introductions is that they should clearly present the hypotheses.

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Monday, February 16, 2009

Term Paper Helps

Term paper help would be foremost in identifying the underlying rules to get the final job done. It is often quite difficult to search for a topic which is satisfying the writing criteria in academic world. Well as searching comes in the picture, the topic for the term paper is usually the topic most talked about or just an extension of a dissertation available. This is what all students resort to when given an option to select a term paper.

Term paper help would come in the way for such occasions where selecting a topic are much of a difficulty. Often students choose a topic by collecting various topics or dissertations. That is a violation of one's own self towards writing. It gets very important to select a topic of interest which would prove expertise and research interest in the subject. Subject specific topics are the best selections for academic term papers where one can write and research further in the same field.

The second aspect would be the source of the idea for which you are to write upon. Term paper help is the most appropriate of them all. Academic papers are many and selecting the right one for research is a challenging task. It solely depends on your interest and also on the availability of resources.

Resources would stand for supporting facts and other research works in the same or aligned field. Term paper help lists various sources which are accessible to its writers which is a great database.

Exploration of the various facts of the term paper and its alignment to other sectors is a must for the success of the paper and greater visibility in the research field. Term paper help would be the best in constructing the ideas to establish such a topic.

Organization of the term paper is of utmost importance as that would decide the interest in the subject and handling of the topic. Term paper help works just there. The organization of the tem paper is the basic gathering of facts and giving it a size and structure. The scope of the term paper is also revealed in the organization stage. Proper structure would also define the clear understanding of the topic and the purpose of the discussing the topic at large. It would mark the professional spirit of the essay with regard to handling and creating sections to give the exploration a new dimension.

The depiction of the facts discussed must be well represented with graphs and figures. That defines a proper understanding of ideas discussed and their relevance to the term paper. That would facilitate the picturesque view of ideas represented and made known to the reader regarding its understandability.

The more amount of research done for the term paper would stand out in the crowd as that would prove the extensibility of the topic and the dispersion of the ideas to other subjects and other research papers. The amount of references and other sources consulted would mean greater interest in supporting ideas and broader outlook for the topic discussed.

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Thursday, February 12, 2009

Writing An Academic Paper - 12 Easy Steps To Success

Writing an academic paper remains a difficult, trying, and intimidating task for many students. This is unfortunate because much of the course subjects a student will take while in a university requires paper writing as an academic exercise. In the same manner, expressing one's self well in writing is frequently a critical ability in the professional community. With academic writing, one need not only develop the ability to express one's self in words, but also the ability to conduct research from a continuously widening range of sources in order to select and decide which among the relevant morsels of data are actually the most relevant. The writer must be able to properly provide his/her own observations, discussions, and conclusions.

Why does writing an academic paper fill many students with dread? My observation following my exposure to the most common (and even the most uncommon) problems in the course of my work where I review thousands of papers is quite simple. The fear stems from not knowing much about the technical aspects of writing a paper. There are multitudes of references on formatting bibliographic entries, using search engines, creating outlines, and using word processors, among other things. However, in most likelihood, one cannot find a correct, concise, and simple description of the modern method of research, which includes building a paper from scratch and into its varied stages of composition, and scaling efforts to the needs of the assignment. With this article I have written, I aim to address this deficiency by presenting you a supplemental tool to writing academic papers, arranged in easy and numbered steps, beginning with Step 1 and continuing through to Step 12.

STEP 1. Begin early. If you are currently busy and thinking there will be more time later, you might do better to think again. The future may only seem in order because it is yet to arrive. When it does, it will be as chaotic as the current situation is. So how do you end up being late? It all happens a day at a time. It is impossible to know when you will have a clear chunk of time later, so proceed to the next step as soon as a paper is assigned. Not doing so immediately lands authors, and yourself, on the road to being late-and it all happens a little as each day passes.

STEP 2. Create a budget of pages. Let us assume that the assignment is a descriptive essay or, alternatively, a common "compare/contrast" paper. For matters of example, let us take the latter: Compare and contrast the roles played by Freedom Park and Liberation Field in immigrants' lives in America in the 1800s.(Please note that Freedom Park and Liberation Field are fictitious places and are only used as examples in our white paper.)

Let us say that the paper is intended to be around 2500 words (about six pages) in length when it has a margin of 1" all around and single-spaced. Let us further suppose that the paper will not have a cover page. We also have to remember that the bibliography is never included in the page count.

The page budget for the paper also serves as the outline of your paper. You would have to decide what the elements of the paper would be, and the allocation of the necessary number of words/pages for each element. In the sample assignment, the logical page budget is established as follows:

1/2 page Opening statement. What is the paper all about? What are the subjects that will be presented? What are the paper's objectives?

One page Facts about Freedom Park. Where is it located? When was it built? Who uses it? Are there noteworthy events that it has hosted? One page Facts about Liberation Field. Where is it located? When was it built? Who uses it? Are there noteworthy events that it has hosted?

One page Immigration to New York, in general. What immigrant groups arrived during the time period specified? Are there interesting and relevant facts that may be cited for each group?

Two pages The meat of the paper; addressing the topic. What are the similarities and/or differences between the immigrant groups concerned, their respective involvement in their field/park, and the reason for their involvement?

1/2 page Summary and conclusion. How was the topic explored? What was determined / proven?

Page outlines provide authors with an overview of the appropriate coverage of each element of the paper. Without this outline, it is very easy to write excessively about issues you are already greatly familiar with, and much easier to write too little of issues you are not very familiar with. Moreover, you may not be able to address all issues involved. With a page outline, you can focus on addressing all issues within the corresponding amount of space coverage. More often than not, we find that with page outlines, we tend to edit down (lessen page coverage) than drag word count up with redundancies and/or generalizations. This is always a far much better position to have as an author.

Some professors specify page limits, while others do not. Thus, it is of extreme importance that you be able to plan your paper properly with the aid of a page outline. Writing is not about simply setting down on ink what comes to your mind, and then extending the words/phrases to meet page length limits. More than anything, it involves careful development of the proposed research statement or position on any given issue.

STEP 3. Gather resource materials. Begin the paper with the assigned text if such is supplied. Academic textbooks usually contain bibliographies and/or footnote citations in reference to other books/articles. Hard copy publications remain excellent sources as the first set of resource materials to look for. When there is no assigned textbook relating to the assignment, you can begin with a search in an online library and with a subject search. The bibliographies and citations in this first batch of sources, if researched correctly, guarantee that much of the task will already be accomplished.

Next, build a list of the resources the first source of references point to. If the research task is small (less than 25 pages output, less than 15 sources), then a handwritten/typewritten breakdown is normally sufficient. However, if the research effort is greater (not too many undergraduate papers are, or will ever be), putting together the list in a spreadsheet and/or a Word document should be considered. Larger lists need search capabilities of the journal sources/references for better tracking of the subjects in each journal against subjects that cannot be found.

After locating the references/resources, prepare them for mark-up (always remember to do this only to photocopied/printed out copies and not to the original documents):

• For journals, always remember to photocopy journal covers and content tables because these pages usually contain the citation information for the articles that will be used.

• For Internet sources, print out the article/source and ensure that the URL (Web address of the source) is printed.

• Treat journal sources as you would your book sources.

Always remember that sources with their own bibliographies are the best references. As such, journals remain the most credible academic sources as opposed to ordinary publications like magazines. Unless your source is an acknowledged staple (or unless the paper's subject is historical) in your field of study, try to find the most recent references as they more often prove to be more credible than earlier literature; this is especially true in the areas of science/technology.

STEP 4. Make a first reading of gathered resource materials. A first reading is a quick browse through your references. You would need a general concept of the subject matter at hand to help form your own ideas regarding the topic. Mark the references that appear important and/or related to the concepts and/or facts of the task. Do not hope to gain in-depth knowledge at this time, but try to form a specific judgment regarding the references.

First readings should be conducted even while the resources are still being gathered. This saves much time. Always have some journals available for a quick read at any given time; this may be between classes, while in a bus, on a train ride, during lunch, and practically anywhere else. Always remember where you left off reading so no time is wasted when the material is picked up again.

At this stage of research writing, you will find seemingly essential materials/information that may prove worthless in the end. Cull liberally. It is best to differentiate the mash from the real grain at this point. Once the first read is done, ensure that the selected references are properly marked within one's source sheet.

STEP 5. Draft a research statement. After the first read, one should be ready to draft a research statement, which will be the core of the research paper. It is a simple statement with specific points that will form the coverage of the paper. Ideally, it is a paragraph composed of three to four sentences. Using our sample, the suggested research statement reads as follows:

The Irish were among the first big immigrant groups to land in New York. Through the years, these groups also came: the Swedes, the Germans, the Italians, the eastern Europeans, the Chinese, the Greeks, the Koreans, and more. The first generation of settlers often brought with them games that they played in their places of origin, but their second generations chose to adopt "American" sports, particularly baseball. Immigrant groups with access to venues such as Freedom Park and Liberation Field are most likely to develop skills needed to become sports professionals.

STEP 6. Read the selected references a second time around. After having formed the research statement, one should read each of the selected sources a second time and in a more in-depth fashion, specifically searching for quotable passages that can support the research statement. Ensure that each potential quotable passage is marked for convenient reference, and that each of the reference sources is properly marked once the second reading is done for them.

STEP 7. Create the "backbone" of the document with a word processor. First, set up the margins to 1" on all sides (or to what is specified by the professor/publisher). Next, create a header including page numbers, and footers with file name and path. Form a first page with name and title lines, and insert a page break to create a second page. Finally, label the second page as the "Bibliography." Note that there are no entries to be typed into the Bibliography at this stage, but citations will be added as quotes/references are typed in while the paper is written. Therefore, the paper now has pages: a start page with paper title, plus a blank Bibliography page.

Two points to keep in mind:

The bibliography documents whole books/articles.

Notes (these may be footnotes at the bottom of each page, or endnotes at the end of the research) link quoted phrases/sentences/concepts in the paper to a specific page in the bibliography.

Footnotes may be made in an MS Word document from the menu bar: Insert > Reference > Footnote

STEP 8. Type in the marked quotations, ensuring each has a comment regarding its relation to the research statement.

At this point in the paper, only typing is required. Transfer/type in all quotes that have been marked in the sources into the Bibliography page. Ensure that each entry is indented half an inch from the margin, and the entries are listed in alphabetical order. As each entry is typed in, form the citation footnote for the entry. These footnotes should be page specific to the reference being cited. Using this method, a credible citation list is created with minimized ambiguity, addressing imprecise citations that may be suspect.

As this step is largely mechanical, it may be started, paused, and re-initiated. With this stage, two significant aspects of the paper are remembered: the bulk of the paper is built with academically sound content and it completes the bibliography as well.

Once this step is completed, roughly 80% of the paper is also completed, given that proper care and attention have been placed in selecting the passages that are typed in.

STEP 9. Develop the thoughts of the content, ensuring each is supported by quotes. Insert several blanks at the beginning of the paper before the first quote that will be used, and begin the draft of the paper's content. Note that this starting point will ultimately fall into the middle part of the paper, but writing begins here because it is the most significant content of the paper.

Next, introduce another point, and then cut and paste quotations from the list completed in Step 8. Explore (by adding supporting sentences), support (by citing/quoting the author/s of the reference), or simply elaborate on the idea. Following this, cite two or more powerful quotations from the completed list in Step 8, citing different sources, and finally restating and summing up the idea with one's original thoughts on the matter. This pattern of writing should be followed until all the concepts of the core statement are addressed.

A nearly finished paper will emerge from this step.

STEP 10. Write the Introduction and Conclusion of the research paper. In the example used, the Introduction would discuss details about Freedom Park and Liberation Field. This section does not form the heart of the paper, but ensure that quotes are still used to anchor the content to facts from the resources.

Make the conclusion concise and succinct. Re-state the major concepts explored by the paper, highlighting what has been "proven" using quotes and facts derived from the paper's main body (constructed in Step 8). Avoid redundancy in terms of word use and sentence structure, a common mistake committed by less experienced authors worried about word count. Trust that a careful execution of Step 8 guarantees that word count limits are met for the paper.

STEP 11. Write the Abstract of the research paper. It may seem strange that writing the Abstract of the paper is reserved toward the final stages of drafting a paper, but this is the best time to introduce what is going to be discussed in the paper - after the actual paper has already been actually written. At this step, there is clarity in purpose to present what has already been presented (once due consideration has been given to the content that has been drafted).

STEP 12. Have the paper go through a final English review by a professional editor. This step presents the final opportunity to find any spelling, grammar, or comprehension lapses in the paper that has just been drafted.

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Monday, February 9, 2009

Steps For Writing An Academic Paper

Academic essays for college should be written in a sophisticated, innovative and creative style to convey the ideas according to the given requirements. There are no specific tips or formulae which can be used to structure your academic paper appropriately. However there are some steps for writing an academic paper which may help you greatly to write your paper dexterously. Firstly, you should draw a sketch in your mind in order to make an outline, related with the topic of the academic essays for college so that you support your essays with valid and logical arguments. Now it depends upon the students how they organize their ideas and how they write quality term papers by using their extraordinary creative writing skills.

Always try to write paragraphs in argumentative style by giving logical reasoning when you are going to compose your essay or academic paper. You should start with introductory paragraph about the specific subject by arousing some questionable queries which should be answered in other explanatory paragraphs step by step. Lastly, you should sum up all in the last conclusive paragraphs with some reasonable conclusion. If you use deductive logical way of writing paragraphs, giving some reasoning with logical conclusion in the initial paragraph while the actual subject is discussed at the end, you would have to organize paragraphs like syllogism. If the students practice to improve their writing skills in this way, they never need to purchase online academic papers as they may get expertise by regular practice and efforts to write quality essays or academic papers.

Always start your introductory paragraph with interesting phrases to capture the attention of your readers. Always use sentences lucidly so that every reader may comprehend easily. If your ideas are too vague to comprehend, the readers will never pay attention towards your reading interestingly. There is a need of wider range of knowledge and understanding of the particular subjects before writing the essays or academic paper so that the students may avoid any kind of plagiarism in term papers, if they study thoroughly about the subject before drawing out the perfect outlines.

Always try to compose your ideas roughly before writing the final outline of the topic, if the students are pre-planned to write about the certain subjects, there will be no mistakes or any kind of plagiarism in their piece of writing. The students may depend upon their writing skills by continuous efforts to improve their writing talents; the online academic papers are assistive to the students, who are unable to write college essays or term papers easily. There are a number of writing agencies which are publishing online academic papers for the college or university students, written by their scholastic writers. These professional writers write any kind of term papers, college essays, research papers and academic papers so brilliantly by following the particular steps for writing an academic paper. If you want to be proficient writer, you have to follow the basic steps of essay writing, introductory part, summary and explanatory of the subject in the textual perspectives and conclusion.

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Sunday, February 8, 2009

Writing Graduate Application Essays Made Easy

Unlike college application essays, questions for graduate personal statements or admission essays, are more inclined to ask for career plans and research experiences. Since applicants are already past the undergraduate years, they are expected to have more concrete ideas regarding what they want or like to pursue in life. Some universities ask common questions that make the applicants elaborate on their academic interests or what specific area or discipline they would like to venture on. You might want to briefly discuss interesting reasons that made you decide to take up a particular field. Say something about how taking up a certain post-graduate course is an essential part in achieving your long-term career goals. When asked about research experiences, relate research topics you've enjoyed doing in the past. Remember that research is a big thing in graduate school so make sure you highlight your superb research skills, if ever. Similar to the college admission essay, candidates for a post-graduate also need to include academic background, achievements, and extra-curricular in their essays.



One of the several topics graduate school applicants can write about is their field and clinical experiences. Assuming candidates already have previous working experiences, they can say something about the practical values they gained in the process. It is best to relate job experiences in line with your career plans. Avoid mentioning on-the-job experiences which are not directly related with the field you are applying for. This may give evaluators an impression that you don't have a clear sense of your goals or whatever it is you want to achieve. Admissions officers want to make sure applicants are really serious in pursuing post-graduate course and are not merely out to dabble and leave after a few semesters. They want to admit applicants who may be potential additions to the university's roster of prominent and successful alumni. Convince them that you deserve a slot by producing an essay that requires little additional queries. Needless to say, the expectations and standards of admissions officers are higher for those aspiring for post-graduate degrees.

Writing graduate application essays, in essence, is also very much like crafting a college admission essay. You should also follow the basics of an effective personal statement like unity, coherence, and focus. A well-written essay reflects the fact you've allotted effort and time in weaving your essay in the same way sloppy essay can be a telltale sign that you've done it in haste. Start the statement with a strong point of entry that can surely grab the attention of your readers. Every sentence in a personal statement is significant but make sure your opening paragraphs are especially engaging. If you've successfully thought of a great introduction, sustain the momentum by polishing the rest of the contents of the essay. If you were able to craft a successful college application essay, there's no doubt you could also come up with a winning graduate admission essay.

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Saturday, February 7, 2009

An Introduction To Custom Papers

Custom papers nowadays have become a popular culture to students and even to young professionals who find 24 hours a day insufficient to finish all their tasks. With tons of work loads to worry and multiple deadlines to beat, employing custom papers has become a widely booming practice all over the world.

To be able to fully understand what custom papers are and how they work one needs to answer the big questions: how and why?

There are different means to get custom papers. How? There are atleast three popular sources:


  • Through downloading from free websites

    Custom papers in this websites are often already been used by other thousands of students around the world. Because it is downloadable, it cost one nothing but quality. The problem with downloading free custom papers, there will a need for more researching. This is to add in new insights because it has been already used a lot of times. A proper rewording is necessary after getting free custom papers.

  • Getting pre-written custom papers

    Students or young professionals getting pre-written papers need not to worry about anything. Everything is provided and already written - from topic selection down to conclusion. But the problem is, one can't choose the topic as well as the writing style of the customized paper. Aside from this, pre-written custom papers usually do not follow quality writing standards.

  • Through custom papers writing services

    Custom written papers are quite costly. It is because professionals write the academic papers according to the clients' specifications. There are plenty of custom writing services nowadays that promises all-original papers though anti-plagiarism softwares.

Custom papers have become a better option for most students. When successive deadlines of term papers, essays, researches and other academic papers push students to the limit, custom written works usually hit their head as a saving grace. Why? There are plenty of reasons why students and busy young professionals strongly prefer to have customized papers.

One of the common perception is that custom papers are done only by professionals. Although there are good custom writing services who have writers experts in their fields, there are also writing agencies that offer cheap and quality compromised papers. Good writing companies ensures that custom made papers are not written by anybody but experts from a number of academic discipline. Another popular reason is that custom papers provide reliable sources. It is true that some good custom writing services have access to credible research materials and big online libraries but not all has that.

Custom papers are on time - that's one main consideration of students availing custom written works. Because there are deadlines to beat and there are other works to handle, trusting custom papers has become more practical for most students. Although majority of the writing companies deliver on time, there are also custom writing companies that fail to value promptness.

The belief that custom writings are non-plagiarized is another reason. Credible writing companies indeed offer free plagiarism report into custom papers order wherein the client has an opportunity to check the customized paper for plagiarism. On the other hand, it is not applicable to all custom writings especially those offering free and cheap papers.

With the increasing demand and growing trend of custom papers it is important to know how and why it reaps such popularity. Although there has been a debate on whether or not it is proper to employ such method in academic writing, understanding its basics will help one to be more informed and cautious.

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Friday, February 6, 2009

Improving Your Skills in Writing Academic Essays

Writing essays is one of the major requirements students need to finish at school. Not only does it help a student be aware of grammatical and typographical errors, but writing essays can also help students panel out their creativity and create meaning out of a certain idea or context.

In writing academic essays, a student shouldn’t be scared of what topics to deal with or if the teachers require a certain word count. With the following guidelines, students will find it easier to write essays, and create meaningful content rather than write vague assortment of paragraphs.



Conclusion

When writing an essay, even before you start, go ahead and think first of what will be the conclusion of your essay. Think as how the readers would make use of your essay even before you write it. With the conclusion in mind it will be easier for you to start your introduction and carry on up to the last part of your essay.

Illustrate

Give out examples. Using illustration or examples in your essay not only adds up to your word count but it also makes a clear point since your ideas or contexts are supported with examples. Citing examples, object or pattern makes your case in point coherent since you are using representation.

Avoid using long sentences

Contrary to other essay writing tips, writing long sentences makes less meaning than writing short, concise ones. If you would like to stress a point, use easy to comprehend words and try to put your ideas in short sentences. It makes your essay clear-cut, easier to read and simple.

Read

Reading is the best way you can do to write good essays. Feeding your mind with ideas, reading suggestions will make your writing informational, and rich with useful materials your readers can sink their teeth to.

Follow the D-E-C rule

And best of all, if you would really like to write essays fast, you can do so by following the D-E-C rule. Describe – Explain – Conclude. You can follow this in whatever topic you chose and you can definitely be finished writing in no time.

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